Unlike typical birding, which largely involves spotting, identifying, and counting bird species, "atlasing" requires watching for and documenting a wide range of behaviors, habitats, and even nests without birds. The first atlas was undertaken in 1980-85, with another from 2000-2005, and a third which began in 2020 and is in progress as of 2022. The process takes place every twenty years, and spans five years of data. New York state produces a Breeding Bird Atlas, tracking behaviors of birds in the state. Between 1998-2002, a Parks Department initiative reintroduced eastern screech owls to Central Park after none had been seen since 1955. The quantity of pigeons, rats, and mallards attract raptors like hawks and a smaller number of owls.
The New York City Audubon Society reports more than 400 documented species in the city, with between 200-300 on any given year. Ludlow Griscom's 1923 handbook, Birds of the New York City Region, counts 377 species and subspecies divided into categories of "residents" (37 year-round and 89 in the summer), "visitants" (6 in the summer, 30 in the winter, 20 irregularly in the winter, 18 "casual", and 66 "accidental"), "transients" (78 regular and 21 irregular), and 12 "extinct or extirpated species". Journalists, scientists, and other writers frequently comment about the apparent contradiction between the size and density of New York City with its unusual variety of bird species and status as a birding destination. Migration takes place in the spring and fall, with additional shorebirds and raptors, which took different routes north in the spring, coming through in the fall. Its particular geographic location along the route, combined with a range of different habitats across the five boroughs, leads to a large number of species residing in, traveling through, or spending a season in the city each year. It is situated along the Atlantic Flyway, a major route for migrating birds in the spring and fall. While New York City is commonly associated with pigeons and other common urban birds like house sparrows and European starlings, hundreds of bird species reside in or travel through the city each year.
See also: List of birds of New York (state)
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